Testing samples were made mixing 100 uL of TiO₂NPs suspensions (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) and vitamins@P25TiO₂NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) with 100 μL ATCC 29,213 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (10⁷ in PBS, pH 7). Controls were made replacing nanoparticles with the same volume of PBS. The concentrations of nanoparticle suspensions were chosen based on the FDA approved maximal and the minimal amount usually found in sunscreens, which are 20% and 2% (this is equivalent to 0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL for nanoparticles suspensions). The cream concentration, on the other hand, was an intermediate value of 10%.

At our manufacturing facility, we are committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility. We take great care to ensure that our production processes are as environmentally friendly as possible, and we are constantly looking for ways to reduce our carbon footprint. By choosing our nano titanium dioxide products, customers can be confident that they are supporting a company that is dedicated to preserving the planet for future generations.

North America

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are commonly found in a wide-range of consumer goods, including cosmetics, sunscreens, paints and colorings, ceramics, glass, textiles, construction materials, medicine, food, food packaging, and more. In Europe, cosmetic companies are required to label products that contain nanoparticles. In the U.S., companies are not.

Health advocates urge US regulators to ban common food coloring additive, by Tom Perkins, The Guardian, June 2, 2023

Despite these challenges, the TiO2 industry supplier continues to play a critical role in providing essential materials for a wide range of industries. With the growing demand for TiO2 in various applications, suppliers must continue to innovate and improve their processes to meet the needs of their customers.

Regarding flavoring substances, JECFA concluded that there is no safety concern and established specifications for 21 agents across three classes: aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups; linear and branched-chain aliphatic, unsaturated and unconjugated alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and related esters; and saturated aliphatic acyclic linear primary alcohols, aldehydes, and acids.

In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that titanium dioxide is no longer safe in foods due to the same concerns over nanoparticles. As a result, titanium dioxide is now banned as a food additive in the EU. Although studies have shown that the absorption of ingested titanium dioxide is low, evidence suggests that titanium dioxide nanoparticles can accumulate in the body over time. Health Canada deemed it safe in 2022 but noted concerns. Unlike their European counterparts, Canadian officials did not consider studies performed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles alone. 

Above 10%, 1 kg of TiO2 should be replaced by 1.3 kg of Lithopone 30%, reducing the amount of polymer accordingly. 

EINECS: 215-715-5

Following a request for assessment in 2020 by the EU, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) assessed E171, particularly for its genotoxicity. In 2022, the agency deemed the food additive no longer safe for use.  

Overall, the precipitation of titanium dioxide is a complex process that requires careful control of various factors to achieve the desired product properties. By optimizing the precipitation percentage and carefully monitoring the precipitation process, manufacturers can produce high-quality titanium dioxide that meets the stringent requirements of their customers in the paints, coatings, plastics, and cosmetics industries.

A 2022 review on past studies of titanium dioxide and rat lung cancer, for instance, said the original study was under extreme conditions and its effects were not replicated in other animal species. Additionally, the review concluded that the few studies which did directly focus on titanium dioxide's impact on humans did not end up showing any increased cancer risk.